The largest NFL mortality study found nearly four times higher neurodegenerative mortality and greater risk with longer careers.
Raúl Jiménez survived a major traumatic brain injury and skull fracture. At the World Cup, he wore a strip of padded head protection described in media coverage as "medically approved" and "medically mandated"; then continued playing without it. Judith McMinn asks what football is teaching millions of players and parents about what head protection means in sport.
AFL’s CTE crisis shows why sport must move beyond concussion symptoms and protocols. The real issue is repeated rotational forces, sub-concussions and youth exposure.
A new 2026 brain imaging study strengthens the case for taking repetitive head impacts seriously in youth sport. Judith McMinn explains why sub-concussions, cumulative exposure and rotational force matter for brain protection.
A new study in Science Translational Medicine has found that retired contact-sport athletes can show persistent blood-brain barrier disruption years after leaving sport. The findings add weight to a growing body of evidence: repeated sub-concussive head impacts matter, even when they are not diagnosed as concussion or with concussion signs and symptoms present.
Robert Sanchez wearing a rugby headguard in the FA Cup final shows how football still confuses permitted equipment, scalp protection and real brain protection.








